CBSE · Class 10 · Geography · Chapter 4
Agriculture — Class 10 Geography (CBSE) explained
- Board exam 2026-27
- 4 lessons
- 31 scenes
- About 25 min
- Updated
Quick answer
Agriculture is Chapter 4 of CBSE Class 10 Geography. It covers primitive subsistence farming, rabi season, Millets: coarse grains with high nutritional value, maize Serves as both food and fodder, rubber requires a moist and humid climate and jute is the golden fibre. AI Lessons teaches it in 4 narrated lessons (about 25 minutes) with an AI tutor.
What you’ll learn
Lesson 1: Agriculture, Farming Systems and Rabi
6 min- Agriculture Connects Food, Work and Industry
- Primitive Subsistence Farming and the Shifting Cycle
- One Farming System Has Many Regional NamesNot assessed
- Recognise Farming from Rinjha's FamilyNot assessed
- Intensive Subsistence Farming Uses Limited Land Intensively
- Commercial Farming and Regional Differences
- Plantations Link Agriculture with Industry
- Rabi: Winter Sowing and Summer Harvesting
Lesson 2: Cropping Seasons and Major Food Crops
6 min- Kharif and Zaid Complete the Cropping Calendar
- Rice: Warm, Humid Conditions and Irrigation
- Wheat: A Cool Growing Season and Sunny Ripening
- Millets: Coarse Grains with High Nutritional Value
- Maize Serves as Both Food and Fodder
- Pulses Supply Protein and Support Crop Rotation
- Sugarcane Links Climate, Labour and Products
Lesson 3: Oil Seeds, Beverages, Horticulture and Non-Food Crops
6 min- Oil Seeds Have Food and Industrial Uses
- Tea Needs Moist Conditions and Skilled Labour
- Coffee: Arabica and the Named Growing Region
- Horticulture Includes Tropical and Temperate Produce
- Rubber Requires a Moist and Humid Climate
- Four Major Fibre Crops Have Different Sources
- Cotton Needs Warmth and a Long Frost-Free Period
- Jute Is the Golden Fibre
Lesson 4: Farmer Challenges, Reforms and Practice
7 min- Why Technical and Institutional Reforms Matter
- From Revolution Strategies to Comprehensive Development
- Farmer Support Includes Insurance, Credit, Information and Prices
- Bhoodan and Gramdan: Land and Village GiftsNot assessed
- Use Crop Profiles and Reform Evidence in Answers
- Project Work: Farmer Literacy and Wheat Areas
- Find Terms, Then Check Their Meanings
- Recap: Compare, Explain and Identify
Key concepts
- Primitive subsistence farming
- Productivity is low because farmers do not use fertilisers or other modern inputs. It is called jhumming in Assam, Meghalaya, Mizoram and Nagaland, Pamlou in Manipur, and Dipa in Bastar district of Chhattishgarh.
- Rabi season
- Rabi crops are sown in winter, from October to December. They are harvested in summer, from April to June.
- Millets: coarse grains with high nutritional value
- Ragi is a crop of dry regions and grows on several soil types, including red, black, sandy and loamy soils.
- Maize Serves as both food and fodder
- Maize is used both as food and fodder.
- Rubber requires a moist and humid climate
- Rubber is a non-food crop and an important industrial raw material.
- Jute is the golden fibre
- Jute is known as the golden fibre. It grows well on well-drained fertile soils in flood plains, where soils are renewed every year.
- Challenges and reforms
- Land reform is the main focus of the First Five Year Plan. Inheritance has fragmented holdings, making consolidation necessary.
- Farmer-support measures
- Other schemes include Kisan Credit Card and Personal Accident Insurance Scheme. Weather bulletins and agricultural programmes on radio and television provide information for farmers.
Exam focus
- Board exam
- CBSE assesses this chapter in the 2026-27 year-end board examination.
- Syllabus
- Agriculture. Learning outcomes: examine the crucial role played by agriculture in our economy and society; analyse the challenges faced by the farming community in India; identifies various aspects of agriculture, including crop production, types of farming etc. Map work: Agriculture - Identify: major areas of Rice and Wheat; largest/major producer states of Sugarcane, Tea, Coffee, Rubber, Cotton and Jute.
- Not assessed
- These parts go beyond the 2026-27 syllabus and are taught for understanding only: One Farming System Has Many Regional Names, Recognise Farming from Rinjha's Family and Bhoodan and Gramdan: Land and Village Gifts.
- Map work
- Board map items (identify): major areas of rice and wheat; largest/major producer states of sugarcane, tea, coffee, rubber, cotton and jute.
- Map work
- The board sets word-only alternatives to map questions for visually impaired candidates (2026-27 sample paper Q9/Q19, e.g. "Where is the Meenambakkam international airport located?"), so stating each place and its location in words is directly exam-useful.
- Paper pattern
- Social Science 80 marks, 3 hours, 38 questions; Section B Geography 20 marks (17 + 3 map pointing). VSA 2 marks (<=40 words), SA 3 marks (<=60 words), LA 5 marks (<=120 words), case-based 4 marks (3 sub-questions, <=100 words); map question in Geography 3 marks.
- Question style
- About 50% of board questions are competency-focused.
Frequently asked questions
What does Agriculture cover in Class 10 Geography?
It covers primitive subsistence farming, rabi season, Millets: coarse grains with high nutritional value, maize Serves as both food and fodder, rubber requires a moist and humid climate and jute is the golden fibre. AI Lessons teaches it in 4 lessons: Agriculture, Farming Systems and Rabi, Cropping Seasons and Major Food Crops, Oil Seeds, Beverages, Horticulture and Non-Food Crops and Farmer Challenges, Reforms and Practice.
Is Agriculture in the CBSE Class 10 board exam?
Yes. CBSE assesses Agriculture in the 2026-27 year-end board examination. 3 short parts go beyond the syllabus and are marked as not assessed.
What is plantation?
Plantation is a type of commercial farming. A single crop grows over a large area.
What is sericulture?
Rearing silkworms for the production of silk fibre is called sericulture.
What is Operation Flood?
The White Revolution is known as Operation Flood.
How does AI Lessons teach Agriculture?
As 4 narrated, animated lessons (31 scenes, about 25 minutes in all), with an AI tutor that knows the step you are on. The full lessons open after sign-in on an AI Lessons account.
Watch the full lesson
Agriculture, as a narrated, animated lesson
4 lessons · 31 animated scenes · about 25 minutes, with an AI tutor that knows the step you are on.
Lessons open after sign-in. A parent or guardian holds the account and adds each child.