Our Environment — العلوم – الصف 10 (CBSE) بشرح مبسّط

ما ستتعلّمه

1. 1

   الدرس 1: Ecosystems and Their Components

   5 دقائق
   • An Ecosystem Is an Interacting System
   • Recognise Ecosystems Around Us
   • Think Through an Aquarium
   • Producers Make Food
   • Consumers Depend on Produced Food
   • Decomposers Return Substances to the Soil
   • Food Chains Have Trophic Levels
2. 2

   الدرس 2: Food Webs, Energy Flow and Biological Magnification

   5 دقائق
   • Sunlight Enters as Food Energy
   • Only an Average of 10% Reaches the Next Level
   • Energy Loss Limits Food-Chain Length
   • Many Food Chains Form a Food Web
   • Energy Flow Is Unidirectional
   • How Chemicals Enter Food Chains
   • Biological Magnification
3. 3

   الدرس 3: Ozone and the Breakdown of Waste

   6 دقائق
   • Ozone's Role Depends on Where It Is
   • Ultraviolet Radiation Helps Form Ozone
   • Ozone Depletion and the CFC Agreement
   • Investigating Ozone Protection
   • Observe What Happens to Household Waste
   • Why Biological Processes Do Not Break Down Everything
   • Biodegradable and Non-Biodegradable Substances
4. 4

   الدرس 4: Waste Management and Chapter Practice

   6 دقائق
   • Investigate Waste at Home and School
   • Investigate Sewage and Industrial Waste
   • Lifestyle and Packaging Change Waste
   • Disposable Cups: Consider the Trade-offsغير مُقيَّم
   • Research Electronic Waste and Plastic Recycling
   • Practise Classification and Explanation
   • Recap: Connect the Chapter and Begin Practice

المفاهيم الأساسية

Ecosystem components

The living organisms are its biotic components. Its abiotic components include physical factors like temperature, rainfall, wind, soil and minerals.

Producers make food

All green plants and certain bacteria produce food in this way and are called producers.

Food webs

A straight food chain shows one series of feeding relationships.

Chemical entry pathways

Pesticides and other chemicals are used to protect crops from diseases and pests.

Ozone and protection

An ozone molecule is formed by three atoms of oxygen. The oxygen we normally refer to is essential for all aerobic forms of life.

Waste categories

Substances broken down by biological processes are biodegradable. Substances not broken down in this manner are non-biodegradable.

Changing waste patterns

Changes in how we live and use materials affect the waste we generate.

Electronic waste and recycling research

In Activity thirteen point nine, investigate electronic-item disposal and plastic recycling.

تركيز الامتحان

Board exam

CBSE assesses this chapter in the 2026-27 year-end board examination.

Syllabus

Our environment: Eco-system, Environmental problems, Ozone depletion, waste production and their solutions. Biodegradable and non-biodegradable substances.

Not assessed

These parts go beyond the 2026-27 syllabus and are taught for understanding only: Disposable Cups: Consider the Trade-offs.

Paper pattern

80 marks, 3 hours, 39 questions in three sections (A Biology, B Chemistry, C Physics); internal assessment 20. Units: I Chemical Substances 25, II World of Living 25, III Natural Phenomena 12, IV Effects of Current 13, V Natural Resources 5.

Question style

About 50% of board questions are competency-focused: case-based, source-based, integrated, data interpretation, situational and application-oriented.

Practice in the app

90 board-pattern questions with marking schemes: 27 multiple choice (1 mark), 14 assertion–reason (1 mark), 20 very short answer (2 marks), 17 short answer (3 marks), 4 long answer (5 marks) and 8 case-based (4 marks).

أسئلة نموذجية مع نقاط التصحيح

أسئلة بنمط امتحان المجلس من مجموعة تدريبات AI Lessons لهذا الفصل. توضّح نقاط التصحيح ما يبحث عنه المصحّح؛ والإجابات النموذجية الكاملة في التطبيق.

1. Very short answerدرجتان

   In a garden, decomposer microorganisms are lost. State two consequences for the ecosystem.

   نقاط التصحيح

   • States that dead remains and waste products would accumulate.1
   • States that replenishment of soil with simple inorganic substances for reuse by plants would be disrupted.1

2. Short answer3 درجات

   A non-degradable pesticide is washed into a water body. Explain how humans occupying the top level of a contaminated food chain can accumulate the highest concentration of this pesticide.

   نقاط التصحيح

   • Aquatic plants and animals take up the pesticide from water, introducing it into food chains.1
   • The non-degradable pesticide accumulates progressively at successive trophic levels.1
   • Humans at the top level accumulate the maximum concentration; the phenomenon is biological magnification.1

3. Long answer5 درجات

   A student describes a garden as merely a collection of plants and animals. Explain why this description is incomplete. Identify its biotic and abiotic components, explain the roles of producers and consumers, and trace how decomposers make substances available to plants again.

   نقاط التصحيح

   • Identifies living organisms as biotic components and recognises their interactions.0.5
   • Identifies suitable abiotic components as part of the same ecosystem.0.5
   • Explains that producers make organic food from inorganic substances using sunlight in the presence of chlorophyll.1
   • Explains that consumers obtain produced food directly from producers or indirectly through other consumers.1
   • Explains that bacteria and fungi break down complex organic substances in dead remains and waste into simple inorganic substances.1
   • States that these inorganic substances enter the soil and are reused by plants.1

الأسئلة الشائعة

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