Electricity — العلوم – الصف 10 (CBSE) بشرح مبسّط

ما ستتعلّمه

1. 1

   الدرس 1: Current, Potential Difference and Ohm’s Law

   6 دقائق
   • A Closed Path Allows Current
   • Current Is the Rate of Flow of Charge
   • Example 11.1: Charge Through a Bulb
   • Potential Difference Sets Charges in Motion
   • Example 11.2: Work Done Moving Charge
   • Read the Language of Circuit Diagrams
   • Activity 11.1: Discover Ohm’s Law
   • Resistance Controls Current
2. 2

   الدرس 2: What Determines Resistance?

   6 دقائق
   • Different Components Offer Different Resistance
   • Length, Area and Material Determine Resistance
   • Resistivity Helps Us Choose Materials
   • Example 11.3: Same Voltage, Different Currents
   • Example 11.4: Find Resistance Before the New Current
   • Example 11.5: Identify a Wire Using Resistivity
   • Example 11.6: Shorter and Thicker
   • Recognise Series and Parallel Connections
3. 3

   الدرس 3: Resistor Combinations and Electrical Heating

   6 دقائق
   • Series Resistance Is the Sum
   • Example 11.7: A Lamp and Conductor in Series
   • Parallel Resistance Uses Reciprocals
   • Example 11.8: Three Parallel Resistors
   • Example 11.9: Simplify Parallel Groups First
   • Why Different Devices Need Parallel Paths
   • Where Does the Source Energy Go?
   • Joule’s Law: Current, Resistance and Time
4. 4

   الدرس 4: Heating Applications, Power and Electrical Energy

   6 دقائق
   • Example 11.10: Current and Resistance of an Electric Iron
   • Example 11.11: Heat Reveals the Potential Difference
   • Heating Devices and the Bulb Filament
   • A Fuse Breaks an Excessive-Current Path
   • Electric Power and Example 11.12
   • A Kilowatt Hour Is Energy, Not Power
   • Example 11.13: From Energy Use to Cost
   • Recap: Trace, Calculate, Explain and Practise

المفاهيم الأساسية

Current definition and measurement

An ammeter measures current and is always connected in series in the circuit being measured.

Potential difference

One volt means one joule of work is done to move one coulomb of charge between the two points.

Resistance and current regulation

The constant ratio in Ohm’s law is called resistance.

Resistivity and material selection

Rho represents electrical resistivity, a characteristic property of the conductor's material.

Joule’s law

Heat is directly proportional to the time for which current flows.

Practical heating applications

A filament bulb also uses heating to produce light. Its filament must become very hot without melting.

Fuse protection

A fuse protects a circuit by stopping an unduly high current. It is placed in series with the device.

Electrical energy units

One watt hour is the energy consumed when one watt is used for one hour. The commercial energy unit is kilowatt hour, commonly called a unit.

تركيز الامتحان

Board exam

CBSE assesses this chapter in the 2026-27 year-end board examination.

Syllabus

Electric current, potential difference and electric current. Ohm's law; Resistance, Resistivity, Factors on which the resistance of a conductor depends. Series combination of resistors, parallel combination of resistors and its applications in daily life. Heating effect of electric current and its applications in daily life. Electric power, Interrelation between P, V, I and R.

Paper pattern

80 marks, 3 hours, 39 questions in three sections (A Biology, B Chemistry, C Physics); internal assessment 20. Units: I Chemical Substances 25, II World of Living 25, III Natural Phenomena 12, IV Effects of Current 13, V Natural Resources 5.

Question style

About 50% of board questions are competency-focused: case-based, source-based, integrated, data interpretation, situational and application-oriented.

Practice in the app

117 board-pattern questions with marking schemes: 34 multiple choice (1 mark), 16 assertion–reason (1 mark), 25 very short answer (2 marks), 24 short answer (3 marks), 6 long answer (5 marks) and 12 case-based (4 marks).

أسئلة نموذجية مع نقاط التصحيح

أسئلة بنمط امتحان المجلس من مجموعة تدريبات AI Lessons لهذا الفصل. توضّح نقاط التصحيح ما يبحث عنه المصحّح؛ والإجابات النموذجية الكاملة في التطبيق.

1. Very short answerدرجتان

   For a 4 Ω resistor producing 100 J of heat in 1 s, a learner calculates H / (R × t) and reports the current as 25 A. Identify the error and calculate the correct current.

   نقاط التصحيح

   • Identifies that H / (R × t) represents I² and that its square root is required.1
   • Correctly substitutes in I = sqrt(H / (R × t)) and obtains 5 A.1

2. Short answer3 درجات

   A student's circuit drawing contains three errors: (i) The long plate of a cell is marked negative. (ii) A wire crossing with a small hop and no dot is described as a wire joint. (iii) A circle containing V is labelled as an ammeter. Write the correction required for each error.

   نقاط التصحيح

   • Corrects the long plate to positive and the short plate to negative.1
   • Identifies the crossing as unjoined and states that a solid dot marks a joint.1
   • Identifies the circle containing V as a voltmeter and A as the ammeter symbol.1

3. Long answer5 درجات

   A steady current I flows for time t through a purely resistive circuit of resistance R at potential difference V. Starting from the definition of potential difference, derive an expression for the heat produced. Explain its dependence separately on current, resistance and time, stating the quantities held constant.

   نقاط التصحيح

   • Uses V = W / Q and I = Q / t to obtain W = VIt.1
   • Explains that supplied energy becomes heat in a purely resistive circuit, giving H = VIt.1
   • Substitutes V = IR to obtain H = I² Rt.1
   • Heat is proportional to the square of current when resistance and time are fixed.1
   • Heat is proportional to resistance when current and time are fixed.0.5
   • Heat is proportional to time when current and resistance are fixed.0.5

الأسئلة الشائعة

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